ဟားဗတ္ဘဲြ႔ႏွင္းသဘင္က ဘီလ္ဂိတ္ရဲ႕ေဟာေျပာမႈ (၂)
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You graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the world’s inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope you’ve had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technology – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them.
ဒီေန႔မွာေရာက္ရွိလာၾကတဲ့ ေက်ာင္းသူေက်ာင္းသားေတြ ခင္ဗ်ားတို႔နဲ႔ကြၽန္ေတာ္က မတူတဲ့ေခတ္ကာလမွာ ဟားဗတ္ကိုေရာက္ခဲ့ၾကတယ္။ ခင္ဗ်ားတို႔က အရင္ေက်ာင္းသားေတြထက္ ေလာကႀကီးရဲ႕မတရား၊ မညီမွ်တာေတြကို ပိုနားလည္ၾကလိမ့္မယ္။ ဟားဗတ္မွာ ခင္ဗ်ားတို႔ပညာသင္ၾကားဆဲကာလ
Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and a few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that time and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving lives. Where would you spend it?
ေဆြးေႏြးရလြယ္ကူေအာင္ ဒီလိုစိတ္ကူးၾကည့္ရေအာင္ .... တကယ္လို႔ အပတ္စဥ္တိုင္း ခင္ဗ်ားရဲ႕အခ်ိန္အနည္းငယ္နဲ
For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good for the greatest number with the resources we have.
Melinda (ဘီလ္ဂိတ္ရဲ႕ဇနီး)နဲ႔ကြၽန္ေ
During our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about the millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from diseases that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneumonia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotavirus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United States.
ဒီျပႆာနာကို ေဆြးေႏြးေနတဲ့အေတာအတြင္းမွာ
We were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying and they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and deliver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there were interventions that could save lives that just weren’t being delivered.
ကြၽန္ေတာ္တို႔ အရမ္းတုန္လႈပ္သြားခဲ့တယ္။ ကေလးငယ္သန္းေပါင္းမ်ားစြာက ေသမင္းလက္က လြတ္ဖို႔ရုန္းကန္ေနၾကတယ္။ သူတို႔ဟာ ကယ္တင္လို႔ရႏိုင္တဲ့သူေတြျဖ
If you believe that every life has equal value, it’s revolting to learn that some lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: "This can’t be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our giving."
တကယ္လို႔ သက္ရွိတိုင္းညီမွ်တယ္လို႔ ခင္ဗ်ားယံုၾကည္တယ္ဆိုရင္ တခ်ဳိ႕သက္ရွိေတြ ကယ္တင္ခံေနရခ်ိန္မွာ တခ်ဳိ႕သက္ရွိေတြ လက္လြတ္ဆံုး႐ႈံးခံေနရတယ္ဆို
So we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "How could the world let these children die?"
ဒါေၾကာင့္ လူတိုင္းသိနားလည္ႏိုင္တဲ့လု
The answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of these children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died because their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice in the system.
အေျဖက အရမ္းရိုးရွင္းသလို အရမ္းလည္းစူး႐ွေစခဲ့တယ္။ စီးပြားေရးေစ်းကြက္မွာ ကေလးငယ္ေတြကိုကယ္တင္တဲ့အလုပ
But you and I have both.
ဒါေပမယ့္ ခင္ဗ်ားနဲ႔ကြၽန္ေတာ္က စီးပြားေရးမွာေရာ ႏိုင္ငံေရးမွာပါအင္အားရွိတယ
We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more creative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are suffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the world to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the people who pay the taxes.
ကြၽန္ေတာ္တို႔က ဒီထက္ေကာင္းတဲ့ေစ်းကြက္နဲ႔ ဆင္းရဲသားေတြအတြက္အလုပ္လုပ္
If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generate profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustainable way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can never be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the world.
တကယ္လို႔ ဒီလိုနည္းကိုကြၽန္ေတာ္တို႔ရ
I am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is no hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will be with us till the end – because people just … don’t … care." I completely disagree.
ဒီကိစၥနဲ႔ပတ္သက္ၿပီး ကြၽန္ေတာ္က အေကာင္းျမင္သူျဖစ္တယ္။ ဒါေပမယ့္ ေမွ်ာ္လင့္ခ်က္မဲ့ၿပီး သံသယမကင္းသူေတြနဲ႔လည္း ကြၽန္ေတာ္ဆံုခဲ့ဖူးတယ္။ "မညီမွ်ျခင္းက လူသားရယ္လို႔ျဖစ္လာတဲ့ ကမာၻဦးေန႔ကတည္းကရွိခဲ့တယ္။
I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with.
ကြၽန္ေတာ္တို႔ဂရုမစိုက္တာမဟ
All of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn’t care, but because we didn’t know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would have acted.
အခု ဒီေက်ာင္းဝင္းထဲမွာရွိေနသူေ
The barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity.
ကမာၻႀကီးကိုေျပာင္းလဲဖို႔ တားဆီးထားတဲ့ အတားအဆီးတံတိုင္းက လူေတြရဲ႕လ်စ္လ်ဴရွဴမႈမဟုတ္ဘ
To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see the impact. But complexity blocks all three steps.
ဂရုစိုက္မႈေတြကို လုပ္ေဆာင္မႈအသြင္ေျပာင္းေအာ
Even with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex enterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, officials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, determine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future.
အင္တာနက္နဲ႔ (၂၄)နာရီလံုးတိုက္ရိုက္ထုတ္
But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people in the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent of them were on this plane. We’re determined to do everything possible to solve the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent."
တကယ္လို႔ အဲဒီအႀကီးအကဲေတြက အမွန္ေျပာရဲတယ္ဆိုရင္ သူတို႔က "ဒီကေန႔ ကမာၻေပၚမွာရွိတဲ့ ကာကြယ္တားဆီးလို႔ရတဲ့ ေသဆံုးမႈေတြထဲမွာ (ဝ.၅%)က ေလယာဥ္ပ်က္က်တဲ့ထဲပါသြားခဲ့
The bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable deaths.
ဒါေပမယ့္ ပိုအေရးႀကီးတဲ့အခ်က္က ေလယာဥ္ပ်က္က်တဲ့ ျပႆနာမဟုတ္ဘဲ သန္းေပါင္းမ်ားစြာ ေသေၾကပ်က္စီးမွာကို ကာကြယ္တားဆီးလို႔ရတဲ့အခ်က္ပ
We don’t read much about these deaths. The media covers what’s new – and millions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it’s easier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it’s difficult to keep our eyes on the problem. It’s hard to look at suffering if the situation is so complex that we don’t know how to help. And so we look away.
ဘာေၾကာင့္ေသဆံုးၾကရတယ္ဆိုတာ
If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution.
ျပႆနာအရင္းအျမစ္ကိုကြၽန္ေတာ
Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If we have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "How can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of the caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path of action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to matter.
တကယ္လို႔ ကြၽန္ေတာ္တို႔ရဲ႕ဂရုစိုက္မႈ
Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable stages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest application of the technology that you already have — whether it’s something sophisticated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bed net.
ရႈပ္ေထြးမႈၾကားထဲက ေျဖရွင္းနည္းရွာေတြ႔ဖို႔ အဆင့္ေလးဆင့္ကို ျဖတ္သန္းရပါတယ္။ တိက်တဲ့ပန္းတိုင္နဲ႔ အက်ဳိးအရွိဆံုးလုပ္ေဆာင္ခ်က
The AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the disease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology would be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So governments, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is likely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting people to avoid risky behavior.
ေအအိုင္ဒီအက္စ္ကူးစက္ေရာဂါက
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ႀကိဳးစားၿပီး ဘာသာျပန္ခဲ့ပါတယ္... ကၽြန္မက ကၽြန္မပိုကၽြမ္းက်င္တဲ့ တ႐ုတ္ဘာသာကေန ဘာသာျပန္ထားတာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဘာသာျပန္ အမွားအယြင္းမ်ား႐ွိခဲ့ရင္ အခ်ိန္မေ႐ြး ေထာက္ျပေဝဖန္ အမွန္ျပဳျပင္ေပးပါလို႔ ေတာင္းဆိုပါတယ္။ ေက်းဇူး...
ႏိုင္းႏိုင္းစေန
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You graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the world’s inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope you’ve had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technology – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them.
ဒီေန႔မွာေရာက္ရွိလာၾကတဲ့ ေက်ာင္းသူေက်ာင္းသားေတြ ခင္ဗ်ားတို႔နဲ႔ကြၽန္ေတာ္က မတူတဲ့ေခတ္ကာလမွာ ဟားဗတ္ကိုေရာက္ခဲ့ၾကတယ္။ ခင္ဗ်ားတို႔က အရင္ေက်ာင္းသားေတြထက္ ေလာကႀကီးရဲ႕မတရား၊ မညီမွ်တာေတြကို ပိုနားလည္ၾကလိမ့္မယ္။ ဟားဗတ္မွာ ခင္ဗ်ားတို႔ပညာသင္ၾကားဆဲကာလ
Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and a few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that time and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving lives. Where would you spend it?
ေဆြးေႏြးရလြယ္ကူေအာင္ ဒီလိုစိတ္ကူးၾကည့္ရေအာင္ .... တကယ္လို႔ အပတ္စဥ္တိုင္း ခင္ဗ်ားရဲ႕အခ်ိန္အနည္းငယ္နဲ
For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good for the greatest number with the resources we have.
Melinda (ဘီလ္ဂိတ္ရဲ႕ဇနီး)နဲ႔ကြၽန္ေ
During our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about the millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from diseases that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneumonia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotavirus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United States.
ဒီျပႆာနာကို ေဆြးေႏြးေနတဲ့အေတာအတြင္းမွာ
We were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying and they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and deliver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there were interventions that could save lives that just weren’t being delivered.
ကြၽန္ေတာ္တို႔ အရမ္းတုန္လႈပ္သြားခဲ့တယ္။ ကေလးငယ္သန္းေပါင္းမ်ားစြာက ေသမင္းလက္က လြတ္ဖို႔ရုန္းကန္ေနၾကတယ္။ သူတို႔ဟာ ကယ္တင္လို႔ရႏိုင္တဲ့သူေတြျဖ
If you believe that every life has equal value, it’s revolting to learn that some lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: "This can’t be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our giving."
တကယ္လို႔ သက္ရွိတိုင္းညီမွ်တယ္လို႔ ခင္ဗ်ားယံုၾကည္တယ္ဆိုရင္ တခ်ဳိ႕သက္ရွိေတြ ကယ္တင္ခံေနရခ်ိန္မွာ တခ်ဳိ႕သက္ရွိေတြ လက္လြတ္ဆံုး႐ႈံးခံေနရတယ္ဆို
So we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "How could the world let these children die?"
ဒါေၾကာင့္ လူတိုင္းသိနားလည္ႏိုင္တဲ့လု
The answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of these children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died because their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice in the system.
အေျဖက အရမ္းရိုးရွင္းသလို အရမ္းလည္းစူး႐ွေစခဲ့တယ္။ စီးပြားေရးေစ်းကြက္မွာ ကေလးငယ္ေတြကိုကယ္တင္တဲ့အလုပ
But you and I have both.
ဒါေပမယ့္ ခင္ဗ်ားနဲ႔ကြၽန္ေတာ္က စီးပြားေရးမွာေရာ ႏိုင္ငံေရးမွာပါအင္အားရွိတယ
We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more creative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are suffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the world to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the people who pay the taxes.
ကြၽန္ေတာ္တို႔က ဒီထက္ေကာင္းတဲ့ေစ်းကြက္နဲ႔ ဆင္းရဲသားေတြအတြက္အလုပ္လုပ္
If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generate profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustainable way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can never be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the world.
တကယ္လို႔ ဒီလိုနည္းကိုကြၽန္ေတာ္တို႔ရ
I am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is no hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will be with us till the end – because people just … don’t … care." I completely disagree.
ဒီကိစၥနဲ႔ပတ္သက္ၿပီး ကြၽန္ေတာ္က အေကာင္းျမင္သူျဖစ္တယ္။ ဒါေပမယ့္ ေမွ်ာ္လင့္ခ်က္မဲ့ၿပီး သံသယမကင္းသူေတြနဲ႔လည္း ကြၽန္ေတာ္ဆံုခဲ့ဖူးတယ္။ "မညီမွ်ျခင္းက လူသားရယ္လို႔ျဖစ္လာတဲ့ ကမာၻဦးေန႔ကတည္းကရွိခဲ့တယ္။
I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with.
ကြၽန္ေတာ္တို႔ဂရုမစိုက္တာမဟ
All of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn’t care, but because we didn’t know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would have acted.
အခု ဒီေက်ာင္းဝင္းထဲမွာရွိေနသူေ
The barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity.
ကမာၻႀကီးကိုေျပာင္းလဲဖို႔ တားဆီးထားတဲ့ အတားအဆီးတံတိုင္းက လူေတြရဲ႕လ်စ္လ်ဴရွဴမႈမဟုတ္ဘ
To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see the impact. But complexity blocks all three steps.
ဂရုစိုက္မႈေတြကို လုပ္ေဆာင္မႈအသြင္ေျပာင္းေအာ
Even with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex enterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, officials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, determine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future.
အင္တာနက္နဲ႔ (၂၄)နာရီလံုးတိုက္ရိုက္ထုတ္
But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people in the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent of them were on this plane. We’re determined to do everything possible to solve the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent."
တကယ္လို႔ အဲဒီအႀကီးအကဲေတြက အမွန္ေျပာရဲတယ္ဆိုရင္ သူတို႔က "ဒီကေန႔ ကမာၻေပၚမွာရွိတဲ့ ကာကြယ္တားဆီးလို႔ရတဲ့ ေသဆံုးမႈေတြထဲမွာ (ဝ.၅%)က ေလယာဥ္ပ်က္က်တဲ့ထဲပါသြားခဲ့
The bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable deaths.
ဒါေပမယ့္ ပိုအေရးႀကီးတဲ့အခ်က္က ေလယာဥ္ပ်က္က်တဲ့ ျပႆနာမဟုတ္ဘဲ သန္းေပါင္းမ်ားစြာ ေသေၾကပ်က္စီးမွာကို ကာကြယ္တားဆီးလို႔ရတဲ့အခ်က္ပ
We don’t read much about these deaths. The media covers what’s new – and millions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it’s easier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it’s difficult to keep our eyes on the problem. It’s hard to look at suffering if the situation is so complex that we don’t know how to help. And so we look away.
ဘာေၾကာင့္ေသဆံုးၾကရတယ္ဆိုတာ
If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution.
ျပႆနာအရင္းအျမစ္ကိုကြၽန္ေတာ
Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If we have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "How can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of the caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path of action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to matter.
တကယ္လို႔ ကြၽန္ေတာ္တို႔ရဲ႕ဂရုစိုက္မႈ
Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable stages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest application of the technology that you already have — whether it’s something sophisticated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bed net.
ရႈပ္ေထြးမႈၾကားထဲက ေျဖရွင္းနည္းရွာေတြ႔ဖို႔ အဆင့္ေလးဆင့္ကို ျဖတ္သန္းရပါတယ္။ တိက်တဲ့ပန္းတိုင္နဲ႔ အက်ဳိးအရွိဆံုးလုပ္ေဆာင္ခ်က
The AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the disease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology would be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So governments, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is likely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting people to avoid risky behavior.
ေအအိုင္ဒီအက္စ္ကူးစက္ေရာဂါက
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